Wednesday, August 29, 2012

Viva la Resistance!




    Hoy les voy a contar una historia que acabo de leer en la página que van a poder seguir abajo de todo. Obviamente no soy yo el que la cuenta, pero la voy a traducir lo mejor que me salga y en primera persona lo menos ortodoxamente posible.
Espero que la disfruten lo que yo la disfruté.

Viva la Resistance! 
("Resistance is futil" era el título original, pero en castellano pierde el juego de palabras) 


(1999) Una publicación de seguridad de la Marina de los EE.UU. describe las lesiones ocurridas al realizar las pruebas descriptas en los "esto es lo que no debe hacerse". Una página describía la suerte de un marino jugando con un multímetro de una manera no recomendada, curioso sobre los niveles de resistencia del cuerpo humano. Tenía un multímetro Simpson 260, una pequeña unidad con una batería de 9 volts que podía no parecer suficientemente poderosa para ser peligrosa, pero que puede ser mortal en las manos equivocadas.

El marinero probó en cada mano medir la resistencia de su cuerpo de pulgar a pulgar, pero las sondas tenían puntas afiladas, y en su entusiasmo presionó con fuerza con sus pulgares lastimando la piel. Una vez que el salado fluido conocido como sangre estuvo disponible, la corriente del multímetro viajó a través del corazón del marino, interrumpiendo la regulación eléctrica de su ritmo cadíaco. Murió antes de que pudiera medir sus Ohms (resistencia).

La lección? La Marina produce muy pocos objetos que están diseñados para ser incrustados en el cuerpo humano.

Agosto de 2000, Dan Wilson explica:
El evento real es un poco distinto del descripto arriba, y aún más merecedor de un Darwin Award. Este marinero incrustó los terminales filosos en sus pulgares intencionalmente. Verán, él había tomando recientemente un curso que enseñaba un concepto crítico llamado "resistencia interna". La resistencia interna es la resistencia al flujo de la energía eléctrica que existe dentro de cualquier fuente de alimentación. Esto hace que la tensión en los bornes caiga cuando la carga (corriente) aumenta. Éste concepto se puede demostrar, si sos cuidadoso, midiendo el voltaje de la batería del auto mientras alguien enciende el motor. La lectura será de unos ~13 volts mientras el motor está apagado, pero durante el periodo en el que el arranque esté encendiendo el motor bajará a 8-9 volts. La caída del voltaje está ligada a la resistencia interna de la batería.

Éste marinero, como todos los electricistas en entrenamiento, ya había pasado por una clase de seguridad en donde uno de los ejercicios es medir la resistencia de tu propio cuerpo, simplemente sosteniendo los terminales entre los dedos. (La mayor parte de la gente mide entre 500Kohms a 2Mohms).
Evidentemente añadiendo información de su clase de resistencia interna, éste marinero quería determinar la "resistencia interna" de su propio cuerpo, así que intencionalmente presionó los terminales afilados contra su piel para eliminar la resistencia más bien alta, y así obtener sólo la "resistencia interna". Esto, por supuesto, le causó la muerte.

¿Cómo, se podrán preguntar, sólo con una batería de 9V? Simple. Una de las "reglas de oro" que la Marina enseña es la regla 1-10-100 de la corriente; que establece que 1mA de corriente a trvés del cuerpo se puede sentir, 10mA de corriente es suficiente para contraer los musculos al punto de no poder soltar la fuente de alimentación, y 100mA es suficiente para detener el corazón. Miremos la Ley de Ohm. Ésta ley (Para corriente directa, no hablaré aquí de corriente alterna) se escribe como E=IR, donde E es voltaje en Volts, I es corriente en Amperes, y R es resistencia en Ohms.

Cuando hicimos el experimento en la clase de seguridad eléctrica para determinar nuestra resistencia corporal, encontramos una resistencia de unos 500K Ohms. Usando 9V y 500K Ohms en la ecuación, nos encontramos con una corriente de 18 microAmperes, debajo del umbral de "sentir" de 1mA. De todas formas, quitando la aislación de la piel en nuestro marinero curioso, la resistencia a través de los electrolitos del cuerpo, que son buenos conductores, es marcadamente menor; de alrededor de unos 100 ohms, resultando en una corriente de 90mA, suficiente para detener el corazón de nuestro marinero y matarlo.

Como mi instructor de seguridad en electricidad dijo: "la razón de que ahora tengamos que dar cursos de seguridad a todos los electricistas al menos 2 veces al año es que un Fulano fue lo suficientemente brillante para ser la única persona en el mundo en matarse con una batería de 9V".

DarwinAwards.com © 1994 - 2012 Woot!Submitted by: Brian Lallatin
Enhanced by: Dan Wilson
References: US Navy Safety Publications


Fuente: http://www.darwinawards.com/darwin/darwin1999-50.html

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